Enhancing Security of Autonomous Vehicles using Layered Strategy with Defensive Techniques-A Survey

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AV) are a revolutionary advancement in transportation technology defined as independent of humans for their performance. Autonomous vehicles are user and environment-friendly as they are easy to operate and help in traffic flow optimization with other benefits. Autonomous vehicles work with an array of modern technologies like sensors, light imaging detection and ranging (Lidar), cameras, GPS, and advanced computing systems that help the autonomous vehicle to predict its surroundings to make optimal decisions in real time. AV is highly dependent on communication, the base of AV relies on communication like inter-vehicle communication, infrastructure communication, and vehicle-to-everything communication. The high dependency on communication channels attracts adversaries with the possibility of information theft, GPS spoofing, and deployment of malicious software for different fraudulent activities. In this research, we have explored the potential security threats of AV with layered-based model approach. This paper have surveyed the recent research trends with countermeasure strategies. This discussion will not only provide an overview of security challenges of AV but also present the open challenges for further research.