Evaluating the Effectiveness of Micronutrient Fortification and Supplementation in Reducing Nutritional Deficiencies in South Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Fortification involves deliberately enhancing the levels of specific micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals. In foods or condiments to boost the overall nutritional quality of the food supply. This practice aims to provide public health benefits while also posing minimal health risks. In addition to enriching staple foods with nutrients, fortification also helps to replenish micronutrient levels that may be diminished during food processing. Deficiencies in micronutrients like iron, zinc, and vitamin A are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, possibly impairing the physical and cognitive abilities of millions. Food fortification is a cost-effective approach that has proven health, economic, and social benefits. It boosts the nutritional value of our day-to-day food supply, which is especially important in the increasingly health-conscious world of today. However, the success of fortification programs faces several technical challenges, including the need to ensure the purity of salt for effective iodization, addressing the presence of phytates and other compounds that impact the bioavailability of non-haem iron fortificants, and maintaining the appropriate storage conditions required for vitamin A-fortified foods. We conducted a survey in multiple locations, in which, we discussed how Food Fortification and Supplements contribute to health benefits with our participants. We also developed a questionnaire on Food Fortifications and Supplements Awareness Program. The participants were then guided through the questionnaires and the results were then noted down for observation. To summarise, most individuals were unaware of the importance of food fortification and supplementation in their daily lives. It should be well-established in the general world that proper supplementation and awareness helps improve overall heath, reduces the risk of disease, and also maintains nutritional status.