Spatial Inequalities in Education: An Analysis of Infrastructure, Teacher Quality, Parental Involvement, and Technology Integration

Abstract

The literature review takes the leading question in educational research: what are the major factors that influence educational outcomes? This review takes a synthetic redesign to examine previous studies on spatial inequalities, infrastructure, teacher quality, parental involvement, and technology integration in shaping educational performance. The analysis shows how differences in these variables translate into quality educational outcomes across different regions and demographic groups. In that regard, it captures challenges faced by rural and economically disadvantaged areas with regard to limited resources that mostly lead to low quality of education. Low-quality school structures, levels of teacher qualifications, and parent involvement are major leading indicators for student achievement. The review further goes on to indicate that the role of technology in education is one that bears opportunities and challenges. The results reflected that there are a lot of variables, interwoven in a complex dance, that affect educational outcomes and call for comprehensive strategies that will involve a number of interrelated issues.